一、語法易錯點(diǎn)
1.a,an的選擇:元音音素開頭的單詞用an,輔音音素開頭的單詞用a.
2.am,is,are的選擇:單數(shù)用is,復(fù)數(shù)用are.I用am,you用are.
3.have,has的選擇:表示某人有某物.單數(shù)用has,復(fù)數(shù)用have.I,you用have.
4.there is,there are的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數(shù)用there is,復(fù)數(shù)用there are.
5.some,any的選擇:肯定句用some,疑問句和否定句用any.
6.疑問詞的選擇:what(什么)who(誰)where(哪里)whose(誰的)why(為什么)when(什么時候)which(哪一個)how old(多大)how many(多少)how much(多少錢)
二:形容詞比較級
當(dāng)我們需要對事物作出比較時,需要用到比較級.比較級的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:
什么+動詞be(am,is,are)+形容詞比較級+than(比)+什么,如:
I'm taller and heavier than you.(我比你更高和更重.)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger.(一只大象比一只老虎更大.)
形容詞的比較級是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來的,它的變化規(guī)則是:
?、僖话愕闹苯釉谠~尾加er,如tall-taller,strong-stronger,
②以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r,如fine–finer,
?、垡暂o音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny-funnier
?、茈p寫較后的字母再加er,如big–bigger,thin–thinner,hot–hotter
☆注意☆
比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對應(yīng)的可比較的東西.
典型錯誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長.)
比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā),你(整個人),那么比較的對象就沒有可比性.
應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours.或My hair is longer than your hair.
三:動詞過去式
動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:
A,規(guī)則動詞
?、僖话阒苯釉趧釉~的后面加ed:如worked,learned,cleaned,visited
?、谝詄結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d:如lived,danced,used
③以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如study–studied carry–carried worry–worried(注意play,stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
?、茈p寫較后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如stopped
B,不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing–sang,eat–ate,see–saw,have–had,do–did,go-went,take-took,buy-bought,get-got,read-read,fly-flew,am/is-was,
are-were,say-said,leave-left,swim-swam,tell-told,draw-drew,come-came,lose-lost,find-found,drink-drank,hurt-hurt,feel-felt
四:動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解
?、僖话愕闹苯釉诤竺婕由蟟ng,如doing,going,working,singing,eating
?、谝詄結(jié)尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing,如having,writing
?、垭p寫較后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running,swimming,sitting,getting
五、人稱代詞主格及賓格
人稱代詞分為主格和賓格,主格和賓格區(qū)別:主格和賓格漢語意思相同,但位置不同。
Eg:I(主格)"我"--me(賓格)"我"
主格在陳述句中通常放句首,賓格通常放在動詞后或介詞后,也就是說賓格,不放在句首。
Eg:I have a new car.(I主格)
Excuse me(me賓格)
I ask him to go(him賓格)
They sit in front of me(me賓格)
主格(8個):I我you你he他she她it它we我們you你們they他(她、它)們
賓格(8個):me我you你him他her她it它us我們you你們them他(她、它)們
六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類
1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,
如:I'm a student.
She is a doctor.
He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom.
2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,
如:I'm not a student.
He does not(doesn't)work in a hospital.
There are not(aren't)four fans in our classroom.
☆注意☆小結(jié):
否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞"not".有動詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not一般都分開寫.沒有動詞be的句子則要先在主要動詞的前面加上一個助動詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如"don't,doesn't,didn't).這三個助動詞要根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時,不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did".
3,一般疑問句:是指詢問事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來回答.
如:Are you a student?Yes,I amNo,I'm not.
Is she a doctor?Yes,she is.No,she isn't.
Does he work in a hospital?Yes,he does./No,he doesn't.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening?Yes,I did./No,I didn't.
☆注意☆小結(jié):
一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上,
?、侔褎釉~be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號變成問號即可.
?、跊]有動詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個助動詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動詞變回原形,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號變成問號即可.
這三個助動詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時,不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did".一般疑問句有個重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句里的較好個單詞(助動詞)和簡略答句里的這個詞是一致的.
4,特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what,where,who,which,when,whose,why,how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子.此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么,不能用"yes,no"來回答.如:
What is this?
Where are you going?
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon?
When do you usually get up?
Why do you like spring best?
How are you?
☆注意☆小結(jié):
其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問,如:how many(多少(數(shù)量)),how much(多少(錢)),how tall(多高),how long(多長),how big(多大),how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have?
How many girls can you see?
how many用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,主要有以上三種搭配,
How many+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+do you have你有多少……
How many+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+can you see你能看見多少……
How many+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+are there…有多少……
七:完全,縮略形式
1、簡縮形式的變法:把倒數(shù)第二個字母,通常是元音字母變成'但are除外,are要把a(bǔ)打成'。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're
2、簡縮形式和完全形式的漢語意思相同。
3、把完全形式變成簡縮形式時,一定要注意較好個字母的大小變化。Eg:What is=What's
4、記住一個特殊變化;let's=let us讓我們(不要把'變成i)
5、記?。簍his is沒有簡縮形式this's(錯誤)
6.常見的縮略形式:
I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is
they're=they are you're=you are
there's=there is they're=they are
can't=can not don't=do not
doesn't=does not isn't=is not
aren't=are not let's=let us
won't=will not I'll=I will
wasn't=was not
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